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Simulating daily load profiles to evaluate tariff structures
Abdallah, Hadi ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá simulací denních zátěžových profilů pro účely vyhodnocení tarifní struktury. V první části práce je uvedena rešerše ekonomického hlediska dodávky elektřiny, tedy trhy s elektřinou, návrhem tarifů a tarifními strukturami v Česku a dalších evropských zemích. Práce se také zabývá konceptem komunitních energetických systémů. Stěžejní částí této práce je vytvoření modelu pro simulaci denních zátěžových profilů a zavést to k vyhodnocení více scénářů rozúčtování. Teoretická část práce se zabývá trhem s elektřinou, procesem jeho tvorby a prvky, které dohromady tvoří tarifní strukturu. Ceny elektrické energie jsou uvedeny z historického a aktuálního hlediska pro několik evropských zemí. Poté jsou uvedeny klíčové technologické aspekty komunitních energetických systémů. V praktické části této práce je uvedena simulace určená k vygenerování denních profilů spotřeby domácností. Model, implentován v prostředí Matlabu, používá Poissonovo i Binomické rozdělení. Vychází z profilu obsazenosti (aktivity) v každé domácnosti v jednotlivých hodinách a také z náhodného spínání spotřebičů. Na základě modelu byly otestovány scénáře pro výpočet ceny elektrické energie pro jednotlivé typové případy domácností.
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Comparison of Subsidy Programs for Local Heating in Czech and Slovak Rep
Běhůnek, David ; Kracík, Petr (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with subsidy for family houses and their impact on environment in Czech Republic and Slovakia which bear guilt for polluted environment. In the first part of thesis are described financial advantages flowing from the membership in the EU. In the next part are described operational programs with focus on so called “kotlíkové dotace” (boiler subsidy), available programs in Slovakia and compering of possibilities for citizens of given states, due to obtaining the subsidy. Last part is focused on impact of kotlíkové dotace on environment in the Czech Republic.
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Demand for gas: Evidence from the 2022 energy crisis
Stuchlík, Jan ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Opatrný, Matěj (referee)
This thesis analyzes the effects of the 2022 energy crisis on changes in consump- tion patterns among Czech households, with the main focus on natural gas and other energy sources. We captured the effects using income and cross-price elas- ticity of expenditure shares of various goods. We calculated these elasticities from estimated parameters of a quadratic almost ideal demand system. The system parameters were estimated using the iterated feasible generalized non- linear least squares method on household-level data collected by PAQ Research. Demand for gas is income-elastic during the energy crisis, contrasting with other energy sources. Households made significant adjustments to their consumption of luxury goods and necessities in response to the high energy prices. The cross- price elasticity estimates show a decrease in expenditure shares of luxury goods and distant heat in relation to higher gas prices. Reduced healthcare and trans- port expenditure shares and increased solid fuels expenditure shares are related to higher electricity prices. In response to rising prices of necessities, households generally decrease expenditure shares of luxury goods. Households' reactions to the energy crisis are heterogeneous among socio-economic groups.
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Faktory ovlivňující míru úspor domácností ve světových ekonomikách
Kudrnová, Veronika
In our work, we focused on the determinants of household saving rates in the world economies. The determinants were divided into economic, financial, and socio-demographic factors. Based on theoretical assumptions and statistical tests, a panel model with fixed effects was created. We analysed 35 OECD countries between years 2000 and 2020. It was found that the determinants of saving rates and their statistical significance in regression analysis differ across all countries in the sample and in specific regions. Finally, based on the findings, recommendations for economic policy measures are presented.
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Water footprint of consumption of the Czech households
Možíšová, Jana ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Turdaliev, Salim (referee)
Since the human society rises the requirements on environment it is important to find ways to mitigate the pressure. One of the possible important aspects could be consumption behaviour of individuals. In thesis we examine the water footprint connected to consumption of Czech households. Using the hybrid input-output analysis we compute the water intensities for domestic production and imported products of 90 product groups and connect them with household expenditures described for 2899 Czech households. In our analysis we use data for 2018 and describe the results separately for blue and green water footprint. The mean annual consumption of blue and green water is 214.3 m3 and 2544 m3 respectively per household member. The highest responsible category for total water footprint is category of food with the 74 %. This category has also the largest computed water intensity among the twelve consumption groups. Analysis also showed the water footprint is distributed unevenly through the households divided to deciles by expenditures. The lowest decile uses about 4 % of total water footprint in comparison to tenth decile consuming almost 18 %. By the linear regression of expenditures and water footprints we got the statistically significant elasticities varies between 0.48 to 2.71. Keywords Water...
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Role of children in intrahousehold income inequality in the Czech Republic
Horváth, Ondrej ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
Role of children in intrahousehold income inequality in the Czech Republic Abstract Intrahousehold income inequality is caused by a number of factors, one of which is the presence of children. Relying on SILC data for the Czech Republic, this thesis investigates how the share of household labor income that is earned by a woman is connected to the number and age of children. Besides that, the goal of the thesis is to assess the possible role of COVID-19, which is done by comparing the years 2019 and 2021. The results of the multivariate regression analysis reveal that the presence of children in a household is associated with a significant decrease in the woman's share of household income. This association is particularly strong in the case of children younger than 4 years, which is probably related to the specific institutional setting in the Czech Republic. The results also do not indicate notable differences between the years 2019 and 2021.
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Structure of savings of Czech households with a focus on investments
KUBAL, Vít
The main goal of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the structure of savings of Czech households based on the developed analysis. A secondary goal is the proposal of measures to improve the current situation. The first part of the work mentions various theoretical perspectives on the problem being solved. Subsequently, using own analysis, this work evaluates the rate of savings of Czech households, and especially their structure. The own analysis also includes two foreign studies that serve as a basis for research in the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the work contains a questionnaire survey that deals with the consumption behavior of the respondents as well as their knowledge in the area of investments. On the basis of a questionnaire survey, the hypotheses established by the author of the thesis on the basis of research questions are verified using statistical testing. At the end, the results of the own analysis are clearly summarized. The author concludes the work with his proposal for improving the current situation.
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Household Energy and Water use in Hawassa, Ethiopia
Legamo, Tarekegn Mamo ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Havránková, Zuzana (referee) ; Muchapondwa, Edwin (referee)
One of the consequences of increasing demand for water and energy sources is the depletion of natural resource bases while sustainable use of natural resources can substantially contribute to climate change and unwise use of these resources result in air and water pollution, as well as land degradation. This dissertation thesis examines "Household Energy and Water use in Hawassa". The main goal of the thesis is to answer research questions related to the patterns of household water use and energy source choice in the face of growing economy, socio- demographic dynamics and climate change factors-particularly in the context of local environment. As energy and water are the two important environmental goods, the pattern of their use has an impact on local environment, where the analysis of demand for energy source choice and water use has a significant impact, as households are a unit of analysis. A key approach we followed in this thesis is analysing of household survey data based on stratification of socio-economic and demographic variances, geographic location (urban vs peri-urban), and environmental factors. The main energy related data were generated from household survey to analyse the energy source choice based on the three main energy sources; electricity, charcoal and fuelwood along with...
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Food waste in households and retail store
NOVÁ, Vlasta
This thesis deals with the issue of food waste in households and retail stores. It focuses on the causes of food waste, possibilities for reduction and ways of dealing with this waste. The work includes research at the level of households and retail establishments. The used methods are based on a quantitative approach, questionnaire surveys are carried out. The obtained results are compared with the results of international research as part of the evaluation of the research questions. At the end of the thesis, there are recommendations that could lead to a reduction of food waste in households and retail.
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The savings structure of the Czech households depending on the performance of the economy in the Czech Republic
JAROLÍMKOVÁ, Michaela
This work deals with the selected matters of czech household savings´s structure and the Czech republic´s economy. Household savings belongs to the important part of the economy of each country of the world. This paper is focused on the situation in the Czech republic, with an aim to find out what development are in the household saving´s structure due to economy of the Czech republic in 2005-2020. Household savings constitute demand deposits, term deposits, deposits in foreign currency, building savings, pension funds and investment funds. When preparing this paper a correlation and regression analysis was used. The results of the analysis show that household savings are dependent on some macroeconomic indicators especially gross domestic produkt, net disposable income and number of employed persons. It is obvious that Czech households are very conservative on personal finances. The most used financial product is demand deposits.
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